In a recent chat with our midwives, I asked about reducing the risk of SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome) for our 9 week old, Romi. Our midwives have done a lot of research on the topic and one of the things in our conversation that stuck out to me that I was not aware of was the notion of mattress wrapping. I decided to research it online.
Disclaimer: This post is about what I learned from my limited research and why I decided to buy one. This post is educational and not meant to be SIDS prevention advice. There is no claim that using a mattress wrapper will prevent SIDS.
When I typed “mattress wrapping SIDS” into google, it seemed to me that the largest body of information on mattress wrapping comes from New Zealand. According to the Baby Mattress Covers website, in 1989 a British scientist had a theory that SIDS (aka crib death aka cot death) was caused by toxic gases generated from elements commonly present in babies’ mattresses. This theory jibed with the theories of a New Zealand scientist so they teamed up to do some research.
They found that most baby mattresses and bedding contain phosphorus, arsenic and/or antimony. These are used as plastic softener, fire retardant or are used as part of the manufacturing process. Ironically, separately, the presence of phosphorus, arsenic or antimony in mattresses or bedding does not seem to pose a danger (what?!). However, when fungus interacts with these elements, extremely poisonous gases are generated (anti-cholinesterase agents). Household fungus often grows in mattresses as a result of heat and moisture.
In short, a baby’s nerves stop transmitting impulses to the lungs and heart because of the accumulation of gases over time (1).
In 1996, the Kiwi doc invented a mattress wrapper whereby the mattress is sealed inside the protective cover, preventing mattress gas generation (aka off-gassing) from reaching the baby. He also launched a massive nationwide campaign on mattress wrapping as a prevention of SIDS/crib death/cot death. Since 1996, there have been no reported cases of SIDS among the at least 235,000 babies who have slept on wrapped mattresses (2). New Zealand’s SIDS death rate has been reduced by 80% since mattress wrapping commenced (3).
For me, I found it very compelling that no SIDS deaths have been reported on the large population of babies who have slept on wrapped mattresses. I have heard a lot about mattress off-gassing. I think off-gassing is one of those things you either buy into or not, and I buy it. The thought of me, my family (but in particular my babies) breathing in all those known chemicals or gases was making me anxious – whether they cause SIDS or not. Further, Romi is a tummy sleeper and her face is literally up against her mattress for hours on end.
According to a publication by Cot Life 2000 (1), British SIDS statistics show that the rate of SIDS from one baby in a family to the next actually increases. According to this group, this is because many families re-use crib mattresses and the likelihood that fungus is present in a used mattress is higher, and fungus is the precipitant for the harmful gasses. As I was researching, I couldn’t help but think about the fact that Romi was sleeping on the crib mattress we used with Ohana. I could have purchased a new mattress (full of chemicals), but a crib mattress wrapper would only run me about $50. To me, this was a no-brainer.
So what is a mattress wrapper? Ironically, it’s plastic! But not just any old plastic. Polyethylene plastic wrappers at least 125 microns (or 5mil) thick are said to be the minimum standard for mattress wrapping according to Healthychild.com. Polyethylene is considered one of the safest plastics available, as it has a simple molecular structure that doesn’t require toxic chemical additives.
When I told Missus Scooter about my latest scheme, I was expecting eye rolls and “the look,” but I was happy to hear she was just as behind this as I was. Of course, it’s not that surprising, she is just as much a worry-wart mom as I am. When I said I would love to buy mattress wrappers for Romi’s crib, Ohana’s full-size bed, and our King-size bed, then I got “the look.” We agreed to purchase a mattress wrapper for the crib first and then evaluate the other beds in the house.
I ordered a crib mattress wrapper from BabeSafe out of New Zealand. All of the things I read online mentioned them positively and pointed back to research published by them. They have several U.S. distributors and if the distributor does not have supply at the time you order, BabeSafe will ship directly to you with no shipping fees.
When it arrived, it looked like what you would think – a large plastic ziploc bag. It felt a little thick but not terribly so. There were two venting holes on the bottom of the wrapper – which I understand are important. There is big black writing on the wrapper that indicates which side is to be placed down. On the open end of the wrapper is adhesive that you use to close up the wrapper once you put it on the mattress.
Missus Scooter and I took the mattress out of the crib and removed the bedding. We slipped the wrapper on and then sealed it up. There was a bit of excessive plastic on the open end so we folded it over and taped it down with clear adhesive tape (recommended by BabeSafe). On top of the wrapped mattress, BabeSafe instructs to place a pure cotton blanket (or towel). Pure cotton being very important. They are very clear about what fabrics to use (ONLY pure cotton) and not to use (sheepskin, lambskin, blankets with polyester or acrylic, mattress protectors/ waterproof covers, etc) as these may contain harmful chemicals. Over the pure cotton blanket, you put a pure cotton fitted sheet. Since BabeSafe is out of New Zealand, they actually instruct to use a fitted sheet, top sheet, and blanket for bedding (all pure cotton of course). This is not common practice in the U.S. or in our household so I just put on the cotton fitted sheet.
I had read some things about the downside of mattress wrapping: the wrapper is hard to get on, it’s loud, and it feels like you’re laying on plastic. The wrapper couldn’t have been easier to put on – I have no idea what the people on the forums are talking about on that topic. Perhaps they were referring to wrapping a larger mattress or maybe other brands are more difficult to put on. As for it being loud, I found the cotton blanket barrier between the wrapper and the fitted sheet was a huge diffuser. I laid down on the mattress after the bedding was on and it didn’t feel plastic-y at all to me.
The other benefits of using a mattress wrapper are: it acts as a dust mite barrier, it is naturally a waterproof (and other substance proof) protector, and the wrapper will not affect the performance of specific mattresses (like memory foam).
All in all, I feel much more at ease now that Romi’s crib mattress is wrapped. Since we have decided to let her sleep on her tummy, a well-warned against practice, I felt like I had to wrap the mattress. If nothing else, it makes me feel better and it certainly won’t hurt anything. I use a fan in her room, we give her a pacifier, she has never been exposed to smoke, and we use a tight fitting flat sheet (some of the recommended practices to reduce the risk of SIDS according to an article published in Parents magazine).
My next purchase will be a wrapper for Ohana’s bed. I would love to wrap our mattress as well, but we have been talking about getting a new mattress anyway so we will definitely be looking into natural latex, organic cotton or organic wool mattresses.
Have you ever heard of this practice or wrapped your mattress? What do you think about the theories behind mattress wrapping?
1 Cot Life 2000, 2012, The Cause of Cot Death and How to Prevent It, Cot Life 2000, Auckland, New Zealand.
2 Refer three studies which have reported the incidence of mattress-wrapping in New Zealand: NZ Med J 2000; 113:8-10; NZ Med J 2000; 113:326-327; Eur J Pediatr 2008; 167(2):251-252
3 NZ Ministry of Health: Official crib death statistics 1994~2011 (inclusive)
blogger / wonderful cherry / 21616 posts
This is really interesting! I’ve heard of off gassing and it’s why I decided to go with an organic baby mattress, and then used an organic mattress topper! I was pretty pleased with it.
cherry / 187 posts
I am curious if an organic mattress helps like this or not. I did the same as Mrs. Pen and bought organic instead of a regular one.
apricot / 329 posts
I was worried about this issue, too, and did a ton of research while I was pregnant and ultimately found a wonderful mattress that actually incorporates an impermeable food-grade polyethylene wrapper. It is totally water proof so no need for any other barrier and the material is inert and doesn’t off-gas. The interior of this mattress is organic, too, in any case. If you don’t have a crib mattress yet, buying this one eliminates the need for mattress-wrapping and my baby loves sleeping on it:
http://smile.amazon.com/dp/B004IPLFNO
honeydew / 7235 posts
Wondering the same as @tipperella:
pomelo / 5084 posts
Thanks for the info! I had never heard of this. Do you know if it’s necessary with an organic crib mattress? My understanding is that those dont contain chemicals so there would be no off-gassing. But I may be wrong!
pomelo / 5084 posts
@tipperella: Oh oops. Maybe I should read the responses before posting.
grapefruit / 4455 posts
I had vaguely heard of this before but we didn’t wrap ours and since we’ll be reusing it with #2 I wonder if it’s worth doing at this point.
I will say though that if anyone’s thinking of doing this please do NOT make this a DIY, no matter how simple it looks. My husband met a family once whose baby basically gotten stuck head down and just breathed in the plastic cover… It did not have a good outcome. We never understood why the grandparents covered the mattress with plastic (for all I know it was just to keep liquids out or something) and I’m not sure what they used but it was very sad.
grapefruit / 4988 posts
This is really interesting! I think my family is ok since LO has a naturepedic mattress (the outside cover is polyethylene, so it seems like we wouldn’t need the wrap) and DH’s and mine is a natural latex mattress. We bought those specifically to try to be a bit safer/healthier in our house.
cantaloupe / 6059 posts
We did this for both of our kids! Great blog post!
pomegranate / 3791 posts
Have any of you read the recent research linking SIDS to inner ear damage? To me, that seems like a much more concrete theory, so I’d still be quite nervous about letting a baby that can’t roll over sleep on their tummy whether or not the mattress was wrapped. Plus when you consider that there is evidence showing that SIDS seems to have a possible genetic link, it makes more sense for the cause to be something with the body. I have multiple family members who have lost a child due to SIDS though, so I’m extra paranoid about this stuff.
And I’ll be honest…I just don’t really believe that mattress wrapping prevents SIDS. I know there’s the disclaimer here, but that still seems to be what you’re pretty much saying. Granted I have not done tons of research and I can’t say there’s nothing about crib mattresses that is bad, and I’m sure wrapping them doesn’t hurt..but I can’t really get behind the SIDS fear mongering. http://www.firstcandle.org/~candle/cms/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/Toxic_Gas_Theory.pdf
wonderful pomelo / 30692 posts
@wonderstruck: Thanks for that link! I’ve heard of the link between inner ear damage and SIDS too, which seems like there’s evidence to support. I’ve never heard of wrapping a mattress…
blogger / cherry / 247 posts
@tipperella, @hellobeeboston, @wrkbrk: i believe, i don’t know, that organic mattresses are free from harmful chemicals and thus off-gassing, but i would research the specific mattress you bought/looking to buy to verify.
@stratosphere: great find! thanks for the link!
@2littlepumpkins: omg i couldn’t agree more, DIY mattress wrapping not a good idea
@wonderstruck: i had not researched the inner ear/SIDS theories. i think there are a lot of theories out there and knowing a little something about them is a good idea, thanks for pointing us to that body of knowledge. like i said, you either buy into the off-gassing theory or you don’t, everyone has to go with their gut on this one.
blogger / nectarine / 2687 posts
So interesting! I’ve never heard of this!
guest
The NZ SIDS rate dropped dramatically following the Back to Sleep campaign in the early 90s. It’s incredibly misleading for the Baby Mattress Covers website to imply this reduction was caused by mattress wrapping instead of parents stopping putting babies to sleep on their stomachs.
guest
I just wanted to stand up for science here because I feel this post is dangerous, your disclaimer notwithstanding. You only cite the data that support your hypothesis, and there are many studies (outlined nicely in that First Candle link from Wonderstruck) that contradict it.
Importantly, reference 3 is very misleading. You can’t assume that the rate of SIDS declining over time in NZ is due to mattress wrapping. Correlation does not prove causation. It likely decreased because something else happened at the same time that mattress wrapping became popular in NZ – the back to sleep campaigns. SIDS declined in the US over the same time period, and mattress wrapping is not popular here!
I also want to assess the argument that ‘our generation slept on our tummies and we’re ok’, which you said in a previous post. False – SIDS fortunately is very rare so 99.8% of babies do just fine, no matter how they sleep. But the rate of SIDS was 3x higher in the year I was born (1983) compared to today. That means 4,000 more babies died of SIDS per year in the ’80s compared to today (back of the envelope calculations here, using sids.org and CDC data). You can’t make decisions about preventing rare diseases based on your own personal experience – that’s why we do epidemiologic research.
Doctors and scientists would love to reduce SIDS – and if you hear about a strategy that no one else is advocating except one lonely doc, we’re not trying to hide it from you. It’s probably because a) it needs more research or b) additional research has been done disproving it, but that doc can’t give up his pet theory. For this one, it’s the latter. There is no vast conspiracy trying to hide life-saving information from parents!
blogger / cherry / 247 posts
@A: i don’t disagree with anything you’ve said, but i am not sure that it has to do with what i’ve written about. i decided to wrap my baby’s crib mattress because i don’t like the idea of her breathing in chemicals that could be harmful. my belief takes nothing away from the research out there. i don’t think there’s any conspiracy to hide information (??) i am just passing along stuff that’s happening in our home or that i think is interesting – that’s sort of why people blog
blogger / nectarine / 2600 posts
I have never heard of this though I have heard of the inner ear thing. I need to read more to really get the understand of this wrapping. So do you still do back to bed with it?
guest
I am just concerned that when you cite references, you make it seem like this is a science or evidence-based decision – and it is not. Wanting to avoid your baby breathing potentially harmful chemicals is fine, but saying that it might prevent SIDS is not based in fact.
blogger / pomegranate / 3044 posts
I’ve never heard of this! Thanks for the interesting write up
blogger / apricot / 349 posts
I’ve never heard of this either! So interesting!